Gradual exposure, which involves gradually introducing the patient to memories of their traumatic experience, with the goal of reconditioning their response to triggers and easing emotional distress.Coping skills, including relaxation exercises like deep breathing, mindfulness, acceptance, identifying and redirecting thoughts, and other methods.This can help them reduce feelings of guilt or culpability for what happened. Psychoeducation, which teaches the victim about the normal reactions to traumatic experiences.Core features of TF-CBT treatment include: Post-traumatic stress disorder, which affects children and adults, can manifest in a number of ways, such as negative recurring thoughts about the traumatic experience, emotional numbness, sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, and extreme physical and emotional responses to anything that triggers a memory of the trauma.īy integrating the theories and techniques of several therapeutic interventions, TF-CBT can address and improve the symptoms of post-traumatic stress in youth. Research comparing TF-CBT to other treatment models shows significantly greater gains in well-being for children and parents.Įarly trauma can lead to guilt, anger, feelings of powerlessness, self-harm, acting out, depression, and anxiety. The family therapy aspect of trauma-focused CBT attends to the problems family members may have in dealing with the trauma suffered by the child, including the use of various stress management, communication, and parenting skills. Learning to challenge invasive thoughts of guilt and fear can help a patient to reorganize their thinking in a healthier and happier way. Often, the treatment will begin where the child and non-offending caregiver have separate therapy sessions and advance to engaging in joint sessions.Ĭognitive behavioral techniques are used to help modify distorted or unhelpful thinking and negative reactions and behaviors. Treatment takes place with a non-offending parent or caregiver. All rights reserved.TF-CBT is a short-term intervention that generally lasts anywhere from eight to 25 sessions and can take place in an outpatient mental health clinic, group home, community center, hospital, school, or in-home setting. Including non-offending caregivers in TF-CBT can improve youth outcomes.Īdolescents Children Family Parents Posttraumatic stress disorder Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Treatment.Ĭopyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. Several studies suggest that inclusion of non-offending caregivers is associated with TF-CBT outcomes, and that this may occur through enhancing caregiver support of the child and/or reducing caregivers' trauma-related maladaptive cognitions.įew studies have evaluated whether caregiver factors served as formal treatment mediators. This article describes TF-CBT's underlying concepts, principles and core components, as well as the role of caregiver inclusion in this model, and evaluates the extant evidence for caregiver factors in predicting TF-CBT outcomes. Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based child and adolescent trauma treatment model that integrally includes non-offending parents or caregivers throughout treatment (hereafter referred to as "caregivers"). Including parents in treatment may enhance child outcomes. Parents are often negatively impacted by their child's trauma which may contribute to the child's risk for developing PTSD and related problems. After experiencing trauma, children depend on their non-offending parents to believe and support them, reframe the meaning of the trauma, and to keep them safe from future harm. Childhood trauma exposure is unfortunately common and is associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as a number of other serious medical and mental and health disorders.
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